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#pchem

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Oliver Steinbock

"Everyone knows that heat can produce motion"

#Carnot still believed in caloric theory (where heat is a fluid). His one-and-only book (1824) was not an initial success, but #Clausius knew of it some 40 years later prior to formalizing the concept of #entropy.

I tried to see if and how Carnot found the efficiency equation eta = 1-Tc/Th. Not so clear to me, although he does talk about the trends. Does someone know?

Reflections on the Motive Power of Fire, and on Machines Fitted to Develop that Power Every one knows that heat can produce motion. That it possesses vast motive-power no one can doubt, in these days when the steam-engine is everywhere so well known. To heat also are due the vast movements which take place on the earth. Tt causes the agitations of the atmosphere, the ascension of clouds, the fall of rain and of meteors, the currents of water which channel the surface of the globe, and of which man has thus far employed but a small portion. Even earthquakes and volcanic eruptions are the result of heat. From this immense reservoir we may draw the moving force necessary for our purposes. Nature, in providing us with combust- ibles on all sides, has given us the power to produce, at all times and in all places, heat and the impelling power which is the result of it. To develop this power, to appropriate it to our uses, is the object of heat-engines. The study of these engines is of the greatest interest, their importance is enormous, their use is continually increasing, and they seem destined to produce a great revolution in the civilized world. Already the steam-engine works our mines, impels our ships, excavates our ports and our rivers, forges iron, fashions wood, grinds grains, spins and weaves our cloths, transports the heaviest burdens, etc. It appears that it must some day serve as a universal motor, and be substituted for animal power, waterfalls, and air currents.
#thermodynamics#chemistry#physics
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Oliver Steinbock

I told my PChem (Quantum) class that it is perfectly fine for them to use online integrators like WolframAlpha . Many looked surprised and I was surprised about them being surprised. It's 2023, we don't use log tables etc. From a chemistry perspective calculating a complicated integral with paper&pencil seems like wasted time. Identifying integrals of odd fcts etc is a different story. How do you feel about this?

#chemiverse#pchem#symbolicmath
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